Plaintiff Robert Boule—a U.S. Citizen—owns, operates, and lives in a small bed and breakfast inn in Blaine, Washington.  His property backs up right to the U.S.-Canadian border.  On March 20, 2014, he was expecting a guest who, although flying in from New York, was originally from Turkey.  While Plaintiff was running errands in town, Customs and Border Patrol Agent Erik Egbert contacted him and asked him about guests staying at his inn.  Plaintiff told him about the Turkish guest who, at that moment, was being picked up by an employee of the inn at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, some 125 miles south of Blaine.  Interested in checking this new guest out, Agent Egbert stationed himself at the entrance to the inn, waiting for him to arrive.  When he did, Agent Egbert followed the car up plaintiff’s driveway and attempted to contact the Turkish guest.  Plaintiff interceded, however, telling the agent to leave.  When Agent Egbert ignored him, plaintiff stepped between the agent and the car, asking him again to leave.  Per plaintiff’s version of the facts, Agent Egbert then shoved him up against the car.  When plaintiff refused to move away from the car, Agent Egbert grabbed him and pushed him aside and onto the ground, injuring his back.  It was subsequently determined that the guest was in fact in the country legally.  Plaintiff later filed a formal complaint with Agent Egbert’s superiors about the incident.  In alleged retaliation, Agent Egbert contacted the Internal Revenue Service, asking them to look into plaintiff’s tax status.  (Not cool!)  Plaintiff sued Agent Egbert in federal court, seeking damages for a violation of his Fourth and First Amendment rights.  The district (trial) court granted Agent Egbert’s summary judgment motion, dismissing the lawsuit.  Plaintiff appealed.