Bivens-based civil suits are not to be extended beyond what has already been decided absent meeting some very stringent-provided case law requirements.

Running a criminal history and warrant check during a lawful traffic stop, as a part of the “mission” of the traffic stop detention, do not unlawfully prolong the duration of the traffic stop.

Arresting a person for exercising their First Amendment freedom of speech is illegal.

“Shocking the Conscience” is a necessary element of an alleged Fourteenth Amendment excessive force violation.

A “Bivens remedy” is available to a prison inmate who alleges that a federal correctional officer has violated the Eighth Amendment’s cruel and unusual prohibitions.